From Perception to Connectivity: What Do Shrooms Do to Your Brain?

What do shrooms do to your brain

Magic mushrooms, commonly known as shrooms, contain the psychoactive compound psilocybin, which profoundly affects the brain and alters perception, mood, and cognition. When ingested, psilocybin is converted into psilocin, which interacts with serotonin receptors in the brain, leading to a range of effects that can include visual and auditory hallucinations, changes in thought patterns, and altered sense of time. 

These effects are often sought after for their potential to provide insights, enhance creativity, and induce mystical experiences. However, the impact of shrooms on the brain is complex and varies widely among individuals, influenced by factors such as dosage, environment, and personal psychology. In this article, we explain what shrooms do to your brain and discuss both the potential therapeutic benefits and risks associated with their use. 

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The Science Behind Psilocybin: What Are the Effects of Shrooms on The Brain?

Psilocybin is a classic psychedelic agent. Upon ingestion, it is converted into psilocin, which primarily activates serotonin receptors in the brain. This interaction leads to a cascade of effects, impacting mood, perception, and cognition. Brain imaging studies, including fMRI brain scans and magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), have revealed significant changes in brain connectivity and activity patterns under the influence of psilocybin.

Brain Activity and Connectivity

Research indicates that psilocybin induces a state of hyperconnectivity in the brain, disrupting rigid patterns of brain activity typically seen in psychiatric disorders. This hyperconnected pattern enhances communication between brain networks, particularly affecting the default mode network (DMN), which is associated with self-referential thoughts and the sense of ego. This disruption can lead to a profound sense of unity and ego-modifying effects, contributing to the mystical experiences people report during a psychedelic trip.

Potential Therapeutic Effects

Psilocybin mushrooms have gained attention for their potential therapeutic effects on various mental health conditions. Here are some key findings from recent research:

  • Depression and Anxiety: Psilocybin has shown promise in treating treatment-resistant depression and anxiety, particularly in patients with major depressive disorder or those facing end-of-life anxiety. Studies have reported significant reductions in depressive symptoms and sustained improvements in anxiety following psilocybin treatment (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016), (Dodd et al., 2022).
  • Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder (OCD): Preliminary studies suggest that psilocybin may help alleviate symptoms of OCD. The compound’s ability to alter perception and cognitive processes might contribute to reducing obsessive-compulsive behaviors (Fitzpatrick et al., 2022).
  • Addiction Treatment: Psilocybin has potential in treating various addiction disorders, including alcohol and tobacco addiction. It may facilitate cognitive and emotional processing that helps in addiction recovery (Geiger et al., 2018).
  • Neuroplasticity: Psilocybin is believed to promote neuroplasticity, which can enhance brain connectivity and improve emotional processing. This neuroplasticity is thought to be a key factor in its therapeutic effects on mood disorders (Jefsen et al., 2020).
  • Safety and Tolerability: While psilocybin is generally well-tolerated, it may cause transient psychological effects such as anxiety or confusion during the psychedelic experience. Long-term studies are still needed to fully understand the safety profile (Carhart-Harris et al., 2016).
  • Microdosing Effects: Microdosing psilocybin, involving the use of sub-hallucinogenic doses, has gained popularity. However, controlled studies suggest that the benefits may largely stem from expectation effects rather than measurable changes in cognition or mood (Cavanna et al., 2021).

Psychological and Physical Effects

The psychological effects of psilocybin are varied and can include altered perception, disorganized thinking, and profound spiritual experiences. While many users report positive experiences, some can have a bad trip, characterized by anxiety, paranoia, and psychotic symptoms. Physical effects can include dilated pupils, increased body temperature, muscle weakness, and changes in blood pressure. Individuals with underlying psychiatric conditions must approach psilocybin with caution, as its effects can exacerbate certain symptoms.

How Does it Feel to Consume Psychedelic Mushrooms?

When someone consumes psilocybin-containing mushrooms, the compound is ingested and metabolized into psilocin, which affects the brain’s serotonin receptors. This interaction leads to profound changes in perception, known as a psilocybin trip. During a trip, users can experience vivid visual and auditory hallucinations, such as distorted colors, shapes, and sounds. The subjective experience can vary widely, with some people describing feelings of euphoria and interconnectedness, while others facing challenging or unsettling sensations.

For many users, experiencing a psilocybin trip results in a heightened sense of self-awareness and a shift in their negative thinking patterns, which can be beneficial for people with depression. However, it is crucial to acknowledge the potential adverse effects, such as anxiety or psychotic episodes, especially in individuals with a history of mental illness.

Magic in a Mushroom: What Do Shrooms Feel Like?

Timeline of a Psilocybin Trip

0-30 Minutes: Onset

  • Ingestion: The user consumes psilocybin-containing mushrooms, which are metabolized into psilocin in the human body.
  • Initial Effects: Early signs include slight changes in perception, such as subtle visual distortions and a feeling of relaxation or anticipation.

30-60 Minutes: Onset of Full Effects

  • Visual and Auditory Changes: Hallucinogenic effects become more pronounced, including vivid visual distortions, enhanced colors, and unusual patterns. Auditory experiences can include amplified sounds or altered perceptions of music.
  • Altered Thought Patterns: Users can begin to experience shifts in thought processes, such as changes in their negative thinking patterns or a heightened sense of self-awareness.

1-3 Hours: Peak Experience

  • Intense Visual and Auditory Hallucinations: Visual hallucinations can include geometric patterns, morphing objects, and vivid colors. Auditory hallucinations might involve echoes or distortions.
  • Emotional Fluctuations: Users can experience a wide range of emotions, from euphoria and connectedness to anxiety or confusion.
  • Altered Sense of Time: Time perception can become distorted, making minutes feel like hours or vice versa.

3-6 Hours: Plateau

  • Stable Perception: The effects begin to stabilize, with users experiencing a more manageable level of altered perception. Visual and auditory distortions can continue but are less intense.
  • Reflective Thought: Many users engage in deep, introspective thinking, often leading to insights or realizations about themselves or their mental state.

6-8 Hours: Coming Down

  • Gradual Reversal: Psilocybin’s effects start to diminish, and users begin returning to their normal state of consciousness. Visual and auditory distortions gradually fade.
  • Emotional Aftereffects: The emotional impact of the trip can linger, with users reflecting on the experience and its potential implications for their mental health.

8-12 Hours: Aftermath

  • Return to Baseline: The effects of psilocybin have mostly worn off, although users might still feel residual effects, such as a sense of clarity or lingering emotional insights.
  • Integration: Many users find that integrating the experience into their daily lives can be beneficial, particularly if the trip leads to new perspectives or insights into their mental state.

Shrooming 101 | How Do You Do Shrooms?

Psilocybin Ingestion Methods: Alternatives to Dried Shrooms

While dried shrooms are a popular choice for experiencing the effects of psilocybin mushrooms, there are several intriguing alternatives that cater to different preferences and needs. Here’s a look at some of the top alternatives:

Microdoses

For those seeking the benefits of psychedelics without a full-blown trip, microdosing is an excellent option. Microdoses involve taking sub-threshold amounts of psilocybin, typically around 1/10th to 1/20th of a recreational dose.

This approach allows users to experience subtle cognitive and emotional enhancements, such as improved mood and creativity, without the intense hallucinogenic effects of a full dose. Microdosing is often favored by individuals looking for a boost in productivity or a new approach to managing mental health conditions like depression and anxiety.

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Edibles

Psilocybin-infused edibles offer a delicious and discreet way to consume magic mushrooms. These edibles come in various forms, including chocolate bars, gummies, and baked goods.

Edibles can be particularly appealing because they mask the natural taste of mushrooms and provide a more controlled dosage. However, it’s important to note that the onset of effects from edibles can be slower compared to other methods, as psilocybin needs to be metabolized in the digestive system. This delayed onset can be advantageous for those who prefer a gradual, more predictable experience.

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Tea

Magic mushroom tea is another popular alternative to dried shrooms. Brewing psilocybin mushrooms into a tea can offer a smoother and often more palatable experience. The brewing process extracts the active compounds into a liquid form, which can be easier on the stomach and lead to a faster onset of effects compared to consuming dried mushrooms. Additionally, the tea can be flavored with herbs and spices to enhance the taste and potentially add calming effects.

Each of these alternatives provides unique benefits and can be chosen based on personal preference, desired experience, and convenience. Whether you’re interested in the subtle enhancements of microdosing, the tasty convenience of edibles, or the soothing ritual of tea, exploring these options can open up new ways to experience the magic of psilocybin mushrooms.

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